Fragment debaty sejmowej z 32. posiedzenia Sejmu Rp (w nawiasach [...] dodałem moje komentarze):

Kto w ww. dyskusji jest pajacem? Dla ułatwienia odpowiedzi art. 148 ,,Konstytucji RP: Prezes Rady Ministrów: [...] kieruje pracami Rady Ministrów, [...] koordynuje i kontroluje pracę członków Rady Ministrów''

Dziś wielkie Aj-waj m.in. w Głosie Cadyka w związku z odrzuceniem projektu ustawy w/s związków partnerskich. Jedna uwaga: na tym samym posiedzeniu Sejmu nowelizowano tzw. Ustawę Śmieciową, która wprawdzie nie weszła jeszcze w życie a już okazała się do dupy. Więc chyba no further comments needed?

Bo czy ktoś może jeszcze mieć wątpliwości co do tego, że uwalenie projektu ustawy w/s związków partnerskich jest decyzją jak najbardziej rozsądną?

Przecież zarówno nie należy dawać małpie brzytwy, jak i pana premiera oraz szefa partii rządzącej Tuska Donalda obarczać zadaniami ponad jego wątłe siły intelektualne (wywóz śmieci już go przerósł, a co dopiero sprawy damsko-męskie w rozmaitych konfiguracjach)...

The script: 1) suspend capturing images at night for obvious reason and 2) writes images to files named as: image_<odd-or-even-week><day-of-week>_<hour><minute>.jpg

Thus only images from the last two weeks are stored and the older ones are deleted ``automatically''.

#!/bin/bash
OUTPUT_DIR=/var/www/cam/fswebcam-output
# Max resolution for C270 webcam is 1280x720
RESOLUTION="1280x720"
QUALITY="85"

MINUTE=`date +%M`
HOUR=`date +%H`
MONTH=`date +%m`
DAY_OF_WEEK=`date +%u`
WEEK=`date +%U`
FILE_OUT=`date +%d%H%M`
TODAY=`date +%Y/%m/%d`

## Suspend capturing pictures at night
DAY_START=`sun_calc.py -date "$TODAY" -city Sopot -param dawn`
DAY_STOP=`sun_calc.py -date "$TODAY" -city Sopot -param dusk`

if [ "$DAY_START" = "False" -o "$DAY_STOP" = "True" ] ; then
     NIGHT="YES"; exit;
fi

fswebcam -r $RESOLUTION -S 11 --jpeg $QUALITY \
   --title "Sopot/Abrahama Street (PL)" \
   --subtitle "View from my window" \
   --info "Logitech_Webcam_C270@raspberryPi ($RESOLUTION)" \
   --save $OUTPUT_DIR/image.jpg -q

## Rotate photos every two weeks
## Week number modulo 2 (0 or 1)
WEEK_NO=$(($WEEK % 2))
FILE_OUT="${WEEK_NO}${DAY_OF_WEEK}_$HOUR$MINUTE"

## Wundergound expects the file is `image.jpg'.
## To preserve from overwriting rename:
cd $OUTPUT_DIR && cp image.jpg image_$FILE_OUT.jpg

./sun_calc.py is a Python script (I am not Python programmer BTW):

#!/usr/bin/python
import datetime
import argparse
import pytz
from astral import Astral
city_name = 'Sopot'

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("-date", type=str, help="Date as yyyy/mm/dd")
parser.add_argument("-city", type=str, help="City name")
parser.add_argument("-param", type=str, help="dusk sunrise sunset or dawn")
parser.add_argument("-verbose", help="Icrease verbosity", action="store_true")
args = parser.parse_args()

dat = args.date
city_name = args.city
param = args.param
verb_level = args.verbose

[year, month, day] = dat.split("/");

year = int(year)
month = int(month)
day = int(day)

a = Astral()
city = a[city_name]

a.solar_depression = 6 ## sd can be:  6, 12, 18

timezone = city.timezone

sun = city.sun(date=datetime.date(year, month, day), local=False)
sun_local = city.sun(date=datetime.date(year, month, day), local=True)

time_now = datetime.datetime.utcnow().replace(tzinfo = pytz.utc)

if verb_level > 0:
        print('solar_depressions: ' + str(a.solar_depression))

        print city_name + " " + str(time_now) + " " + str(sun[param]) \
	        + " (" + str(sun_local[param]) + ")"

print time_now > sun[param]

The script based on astral package can compute dusk/dawn time (among other things) and compares it to the current time. If current time is past dusk/dawn (specified as a command line parameter) ./sun_calc.py returns True. Otherwise it returns False.

The astral package does not contains Sopot but it is easy to add it just by editing astral.py (before installation of course):

Sopot,Poland,54°44'N,18°55'E,Europe/Warsaw

A short test demonstrating that for Sopot and Warsow the script returns significantly different results:

./sun_calc.py -date 2013/01/21 -city Sopot -param dawn -verbose
solar_depressions: 6.0
Sopot 2013-01-21 09:17:11.368979+00:00 2013-01-21 06:09:47+00:00 (2013-01-21 07:09:47+01:00)
./sun_calc.py -date 2013/01/21 -city Warsaw -param dawn -verbose
solar_depressions: 6.0
Warsaw 2013-01-21 09:17:46.172157+00:00 2013-01-21 05:53:22+00:00 (2013-01-21 06:53:22+01:00)
True

So there is circa 15 minutes difference between Sopot which is some 300 km to the North from Warsaw.

My BMP085 sensor

Yesterday I have got a letter containing BMP085 pressure sensor which I bought on ebay on November 20th 2012 (yes the post made a history with +50 days delivery from China).

To connect BMP085 to RPI first one has to install (in case both packages are not installed yet):

pi@raspberrystar ~ $ sudo apt-get install i2c-tools
pi@raspberrystar ~ $ sudo apt-get install python-smbus

Now one has to enable i2c in raspbian. First one has to add the user pi to the group i2c:

pi@raspberrystar ~ $ sudo adduser pi i2c

Next one has to check the contents of /etc/modprobe.d/raspi-blacklist.conf and /etc/modules:

pi@raspberrystar ~ $ less /etc/modprobe.d/raspi-blacklist.conf
# blacklist spi and i2c by default (many users don't need them)

blacklist spi-bcm2708
blacklist i2c-bcm2708

pi@raspberrystar ~ $ less /etc/modules
...
i2c-dev
i2c-bcm2708

Some users advocate to remove i2c-bcm2708 from blacklisted modules but this seems unneccessary as:

pi@raspberrystar ~ $ lsmod | grep i2c
i2c_bcm2708             3542  0 
i2c_dev                 5587  0 

so I have i2c_bcm270 w/o modifying /etc/modprobe.d/raspi-blacklist.conf

Reboot now to activate the new settings

Hardware

The board my sensor came on has eight pins. There are boards with 6 pins as well which seems to be more popular. Only four out of 8 pins are used and the connections are as follows (see pictures):
GND goes to Ground on the Pi (P1-05)
3.3 goes to 3V3 on the Pi (P1-01)
SDA goes to SDA on the Pi (P1-02)
SCL goes to SCL on the Pi (P1-03)

In Reading data from a Bosch BMP085 with a Raspberry Pi 6-ping sensor is used and the pins connections are different. I have tried but it does not work for my sensor.

I connect sensor to RPI using wires with female jumpers on both ends.

To check if the sensor (or other i2c device) is connected correctly, one can run i2cdetect:

pi@raspberrystar ~ $ i2cdetect -y 0
     0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f
00:          -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
10: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
20: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
30: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
40: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
50: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
60: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 
70: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 77                

77 in the last row indicates that sensor is connected properly (otherwise the output will consists of rows of '--' only).

Software

To get data from the sensor one has to install Adafruit-Raspberry-Pi-Python-Code or compile small C program available here:

## Download john.geek's C application:
wget http://www.john.geek.nz/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/testBMP085.c
wget http://www.john.geek.nz/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/smbus.c
wget http://www.john.geek.nz/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/smbus.h

## Compile & run it
gcc -Wall -o testBMP085 ./smbus.c ./testBMP085.c
./testBMP085

## Download >Adafruit's one:
git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-Raspberry-Pi-Python-Code.git
cd Adafruit-Raspberry-Pi-Python-Code
cd Adafruit_BMP085

## Run
python Adafruit_BMP085_example.py

Note: testBMP085 works with sensor connected to RPi as described in this post (not as described by john geek).

BTW: the pressure is identical as reported by my WH 2080 weather station. Perhaphs WH 2080 use exactly the same sensor!

Poproszono mnie o pomoc w konwersji tekstu z MS Worda do LaTeXa formatowanego z użyciem Springerowskiego pakietu svmult (cf. http://www.springer.com/authors/). Na stronie konferencji praktycznie zero wskazówek co i jak za wyjątkiem zalecenia żeby do cytowań/spisu literatury zastosować system Harwardzki.

Problem w tym, że jest kilka co najmniej sposobów tworzenia (zwłaszcza spisu literatury), które będą zgodne z systemem Harwardzkim. Zakładając, że skoro organizatorzy nie podali dokładnie o co im chodzi, to pewnie sami nie wiedzą starałem się ustalić co i jak w dokumentacji pakietu (Nb. zgodnie z sugestią ze strony WWW konferencji).

Na temat wyglądu odsyłaczy bibliograficznych znalazłem co następuje (plik manuscript-guidelines.pdf):

One author: (Miller 1991) or Miller (1991)
Two authors: (Miller and Smith 1994) or Miller and Smith (1994)
Three authors or more: (Miller et al. 1995) or Miller et al. (1995)

Nie za dużo. Nie wiadomo na przykład jak formatować odsyłacze do wielu pozycji ,,na raz'':

(Miller and Smith 1994, Jones 2002, Jordan et al. 2004) albo
(Miller and Smith 1994; Jones 2002; Jordan et al. 2004)

a może jeszcze inaczej?

Na temat formatowania zestawienia cytowanych pozycji jest dużo więcej, ale jest to, że tak powiem informacja niekonkluzywna. Wymienia się po prostu różne możliwe sposoby formatowania (w zdecydowanej większości w systemie cytowania ,,przez numer''). Nie wiadomo, ani który jest ,,ten dobry'', ani nie ma informacji, jak to zaimplementować w LaTeXu. Np. czy wolno używać pakietu natbib? W pliku klasy próbowałem wyszukać natbib -- nie ma. Czyli jakby nie wolno.

W desperacji odkryłem, że w plikach dystrybuowanych z pakietem są szablony BiBteXa a jeden się nawet nazywa spbasic.bst. Po zajrzeniu do środka się okazało, że zawiera on -- w formie komentarza -- całkiem długi tekst na temat ,,jak zastosować system Harwardzki z pakietem natbib i svmult''. Nie ma co -- doskonale udokumentowany pakiet :@. (Albo Neue Deutsche Wirtschaft bynajmniej nie Polnische Wirtschaft tym razem).

Teraz poszło z górki. Się okazało, że pakiet reaguje na opcję natbib -- widocznie klasa ma zaimplementowany trick (widocznie, bo nie sprawdzałem) pn. ,,dodaj do opcji .sty i poszukaj na dysku pliku o takiej nazwie'' (stąd moje wyszukiwania natbib w kodzie klasy skończyły się niepowodzeniem). Aby ustalić jak formatować tzw. ,,pozycje literaturowe'' uruchomiłem bibtexa z ,,reprezentatywnym'' (tj. zawierającym opisy różnych typów publikacji) plikiem .bib (siłą rzeczy -- skoro była to konwersja z MS Worda -- oryginalnej literatury nie miałem w formacie BiBTeX)

Po ustaleniu co jak ma być formatowane, odpowiednio zmieniłem zawartość otoczenia thebibliography. Dla przypomnienia: stosując natbib sposób formatowania odsyłacza należy podać jako parametr opcjonalny polecenia bibitem, np.:

\bibitem[Wang et~al.(2003)]{wangfan2003} 

bez odstępu pomiędzy listą autorów a otwierającym nawiasem okrągłym (o ten odstęp zadba natbib).

Teraz zapytano organizatorów czy tak może być (Ist es gut?). Brak wskazówek na stronie wskazuje, że pytany pewnie sam nie wie ale to nie moje zmartwienie. Odpowiedzieli, że jak najbardziej...

Poniżej szablon dokumentu svmult w przypadku korzystania z odsyłaczy bibliograficznym w systemie Harwardzkim i wpisywania literatury (zawartości otoczenia thebibliography) ,,z palca'':

\documentclass[natbib]{svmult} %% option natbib for author/year bibliography
\usepackage{mathptmx}   % selects Times Roman as basic font
\usepackage{helvet} % selects Helvetica as sans-serif font
%%
%% Zalecenia odnoście sposobu formatowania odsyłaczy 
%% bibliograficznych ("Harvard system"):
%% 1 autor: (Miller 1991) or Miller (1991)
%% 2 autorów: (Miller and Smith 1994) or Miller and Smith (1994)
%% 3 i więcej autorów: (Miller et al. 1995) or Miller et al. (1995)
%% Zalecenie z pliku: manuscript-guidelines-1.0.pdf
%%
%% Aby usunąć domyślny przecinek pomiędzy autorem a rokiem (Miller, 1991)
%% należy zmienić 5-ty argument polecenia  \bibpunct (ustawić na pusty {}):
\bibpunct{(}{)}{,}{a}{}{,}
%%
\begin{document}
%% 
%% We wszystkich tytułach (artykułu, punktów itp.) należy każdy wyraz rozpoczynać 
%% dużą literą za wyjątkiem (a, an, the, on, of, at, to, itd.)
%% Zalecenie z pliku:  authinst.pdf
%%
\title*{DC of Data Streaming with~a~GNG Network} %
\author{Janina Filipowicz and Tadeusz Owsianko}
\institute{Janina Filipowicz \at
Casimir Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, 
Higher School of Engineering,
\email{filipj@ut-radom.edu.pl}
\and
Tadeusz Owsianko \at
Universitas Technologiae et Humanistica Radomensis Casimirus Pulaski, 
Faculty of~Materials Science
\email{owsianko@ut-radom.edu.pl}}

\maketitle

\abstract{%%
The paper presents the results of simulation research
concerning the possibility of applying self-learning GNG neural
networks in clustering data from the data streams.
%% Keywords are optional
\keywords{cluster analysis, data streams clustering, GNGN.}
}

\section{Introduction}

One of the problems connected with the analysis of data [...]

\section{Related Work}

[...] They may be divided into four basic groups. The
first group is made of the incremental or online classifiers. These
are such algorithms as the Very Fast Decision Tree algorithm 
(VFDT)~\citep{domingoshulten2000}.
The second group is made of the multi model algorithms such as Ensemble
Classifiers (EC)~\citep{wangfan2003,kranenassent2011}. The
third group of algorithms contains the low granularity Rule Based
Classifier proposed by~\cite{jirayusakulauwatanamongkol2007}. 

In cluster analysis
their applications were studied among others by~\cite{kaufmanrousseeuw1990},
as well as by~\cite{fritzke1994}.

In the study presented below, the data grouping algorithm based on the
self---learning of neural network of the Growing Neural Gas (GNG)
type will be presented. Compared to the classical Fritzke 
algorithm~\citeyearpar{fritzke1994} 
it has been substantially modified. 

\section{Algorithm of a GNG Network}

In the study presented the data grouping algorithm based on the
self-learning of neural network of the Growing Neural Gas (GNG)
type will be presented. Compared to the classical Fritzke 
algorithm~\citeyearpar{fritzke1994} 
it has been substantially modified.

\section{An Experimental Study}

Summing up the results of experiment, it can be said, that the
compatibility of grouping with the known model was very high 
(cf.~table~\ref{t:quality-speed-clusters}). 

\begin{table}[!tbh]
\caption{Quality and speed of learning 
 of~the GNG network\label{t:quality-speed-clusters}}
%%\tabcolsep=.7\tabcolsep
\begin{tabular}{l|rrrrrrrrrrrrrr} \hline
Clusters	        & 2	& 3	& 4	& 5	& 6	& 15   \\ \hline
Mean RAS	        & 0.75	& 0.92	& 0.97	& 0.98	& 0.99	& 0.83 \\
Mean SC	                & 0.50	& 0.74	& 0.86	& 0.91	& 0.93	& 0.76 \\
Mean Time/Iter ($s^{-4}$)& 4.08	& 4.20	& 4.29	& 4.31	& 4.35	& 4.51 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

[...] The time of single learning iteration of the network depends on the
number of neurons in that network [...]

\section{Concluding Remarks}

It is difficult to determine the threshold value at which the network
should switch from the dynamic into the static phase. The above
mentioned problems will be subject of further research.

\begin{thebibliography}{}

%% Conference proceedings etc:
\bibitem[Domingos and Hulten(2000)]{domingoshulten2000} 
  Domingos P, Hulten G (2000): Mining High-Speed Data Streams. In:
  Proceedings of the sixth ACM SIGKDD International Conference on
  Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Boston, pp~71--80.

%% Book 1 author
\bibitem[Fritzke(1994)]{fritzke1994} 
  Fritzke B (1994): Growing Cell
  Structures -- a~Self-Organizing Network for Unsupervised and
  Supervised Learning. Neural Networks 7:1441--1460.

%% Journal article
\bibitem[Jirayusakul and Auwatanamongkol(2007)]{jirayusakulauwatanamongkol2007} 
  Jirayusakul A, Auwatanamongkol S (2007): A Supervised Growing Neural Gas
  Algorithm for Cluster Analysis, International Journal of Hybrid
  Intelligent Systems 4(2):129--141.
%% Book 2 authors
\bibitem[Kaufman and Rousseeuw(1990)]{kaufmanrousseeuw1990} 
  Kaufman L, Rousseeuw PJ (1990) Finding Groups in Data: a~Introduction
  to Cluster Analysis. Wiley, New York.

%% Journal article more than 2 authors:
\bibitem[Kranen et~al.(2011)]{kranenassent2011} 
  Kranen P, Assent I, Baldauf C,  Seidl T (2011) The ClusTree: Indexing
  Micro-Clusters for Anytime Stream Mining. Knowledge and Information
  Systems 29(2):249--272.

%% Conf proceeding more than 3 authors:
\bibitem[Wang et~al.(2003)]{wangfan2003} 
  Wang H, Fan W, Yu PS, HAN J (2003) 
  Mining Concept-Drifting Data Streams Using Ensemble
  Classifiers. In Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGKDD International
  Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, NY, pp~226--235.

\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}

Dziś uruchomiłem starą kamerę Logitech Webcam C200 na Raspberry Pi (bez żadnych problemów--wystarczy wsadzić kabel USB). Chcę cyklicznie robić zdjęcia tego co widzę z mojego okna i publikować je na wunderground.com. Spróbowałem zastosować do tego celu program fswebcam.

BTW dobry opis kilku popularnych programów służących do obsługi kamer video jest tutaj.

Aby zainstalować fswebcam należy wykonać:

# apt-get install fswebcam

Uruchamiam fswebcam za pomocą następującego skryptu (cf. Raspberry Pi -- Webcam streaming):

#!/bin/bash
OUTPUT_DIR=/var/www/cam/fswebcam-output

fswebcam -r 640x480 -S 11 --jpeg 95 \
        --title "Sopot/Abrahama Street (PL)" \
        --subtitle "View from my window" \
        --info "Hardware: Logitech_Webcam_C200@raspberryPi" \
        --save $OUTPUT_DIR/image.jpg -q

Aby publikować obrazki na wunderground.com należy kamerę zarejestrować do czego służy prosty formularz. Obrazki mogą być wysyłane na konto ftp na wunderground.com albo pobierane z udostępnionego publicznego konta (w tym drugim przypadku należy podczas rejestracji podać adres URL tegoż konta). Ja wybrałem ftp i rejestracja zakończyła się podaniem nazwy serwera ftp + nazwy użytkownika. Hasło jest takie samo jak to używane do logowania się na konto WWW na wunderground.com.

Do ładowania obrazków używam skryptu (cf. tutaj):

REMOTE='webcam.wunderground.com'
USER='hrpunioCAM1'

PASSWORD='#####'
FTPLOG='/tmp/ftplog'
date >> $FTPLOG

ftp -n $REMOTE <<_FTP>>$FTPLOG
quote USER $USER
quote PASS $PASSWORD
bin
lcd /var/www/cam/fswebcam-output
put image.jpg
quit
_FTP

Obrazki są generowane i wysyłane co kilka minut dzięki stosownemu wpisowi w pliku crontab.

Link do obrazków z mojej kamery wunderground.com jest tutaj.

I was asked to help to prepare a paper with Springer's svmult class. The conference (held in Germany) organizers refer to http://www.springer.com/authors/ for formatting instructions but these instructions lack one important detail: how to format citations and the bibliography listing.

The editor of the conference the paper is to be submitted insists on using author(s) name(s)/publication year (Harvard) system but bibliography listing conformed to Harvard system can be formatted in several pretty different ways.

I have found the following recommendations concerning references in manuscript-guidelines.pdf:

One author: (Miller 1991) or Miller (1991)
Two authors: (Miller and Smith 1994) or Miller and Smith (1994)
Three authors or more: (Miller et al. 1995) or Miller et al. (1995)

It is not explained (among other things) however how to format multiple citations, ie:

(Miller and Smith 1994, Jones 2002, Jordan et al. 2004) or
(Miller and Smith 1994; Jones 2002; Jordan et al. 2004)

or in some other way?

To figure out the required bibliography format in desperation I decided to run bibtex with spbasic.bst (included in svmult package) and then I have discovered a pretty lengthy comment (inside spbasic.bst) on using svmult and Harvard system. Well documented package :@. Neue Deutsche Wirtschaft?.

The conference organizers were asked if the above is OK. The lack of detailed manuscript guidelines is suspicious (I suspect that person responsible for conference proceedings is not a LaTeX expert) but as they say `OK' the problem seems to be solved.

To save potential users of svmult reinventing the wheel in cases as the one described above:-) here is the template of the manuscript:

\documentclass[natbib]{svmult} %% option natbib for author/year bibliography
\usepackage{mathptmx}   % selects Times Roman as basic font
\usepackage{helvet} % selects Helvetica as sans-serif font
%%
%% cf. manuscript-guidelines-1.0.pdf
%% ---------------------------------
%% Cite references in the text with author name/s and year of 
%% publication in parentheses ("Harvard system"):
%% One author: (Miller 1991) or Miller (1991)
%% Two authors: (Miller and Smith 1994) or Miller and Smith (1994)
%% Three authors or more: (Miller et al. 1995) or Miller et al. (1995)
%%
%% Use the command \bibpunct with one optional and 6 mandatory arguments: 
%% arg 5 -- the punctuation that comes between the author names and the year 
%%   empty argument denotes space between author-name publication-year
\bibpunct{(}{)}{,}{a}{}{,}
%%
\begin{document}
%% 
%% In English texts all words of a heading (\title, \section, \subsection etc) 
%% have a leading capital letter except for articles (a, an, the), 
%% conjunctions and prepositions of up to four letters (e.g. on, of, at, to, etc...)
%% (cf cf. authinst.pdf)
%%
\title*{DC of Data Streaming with~a~GNG Network} %
\author{Janina Filipowicz and Tadeusz Owsianko}
\institute{Janina Filipowicz \at
Casimir Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, 
Higher School of Engineering,
\email{filipj@ut-radom.edu.pl}
\and
Tadeusz Owsianko \at
Universitas Technologiae et Humanistica Radomensis Casimirus Pulaski, 
Faculty of~Materials Science
\email{owsianko@ut-radom.edu.pl}}

\maketitle

\abstract{%%
The paper presents the results of simulation research
concerning the possibility of applying self-learning GNG neural
networks in clustering data from the data streams.
%% Keywords are optional
\keywords{cluster analysis, data streams clustering, GNGN.}
}

\section{Introduction}

One of the problems connected with the analysis of data [...]

\section{Related Work}

[...] They may be divided into four basic groups. The
first group is made of the incremental or online classifiers. These
are such algorithms as the Very Fast Decision Tree algorithm 
(VFDT)~\citep{domingoshulten2000}.
The second group is made of the multi model algorithms such as Ensemble
Classifiers (EC)~\citep{wangfan2003,kranenassent2011}. The
third group of algorithms contains the low granularity Rule Based
Classifier proposed by~\cite{jirayusakulauwatanamongkol2007}. 

In cluster analysis
their applications were studied among others by~\cite{kaufmanrousseeuw1990},
as well as by~\cite{fritzke1994}.

In the study presented below, the data grouping algorithm based on the
self---learning of neural network of the Growing Neural Gas (GNG)
type will be presented. Compared to the classical Fritzke 
algorithm~\citeyearpar{fritzke1994} 
it has been substantially modified. 

\section{Algorithm of a GNG Network}

In the study presented the data grouping algorithm based on the
self-learning of neural network of the Growing Neural Gas (GNG)
type will be presented. Compared to the classical Fritzke 
algorithm~\citeyearpar{fritzke1994} 
it has been substantially modified.

\section{An Experimental Study}

Summing up the results of experiment, it can be said, that the
compatibility of grouping with the known model was very high 
(cf.~table~\ref{t:quality-speed-clusters}). 

\begin{table}[!tbh]
\caption{Quality and speed of learning 
 of~the GNG network\label{t:quality-speed-clusters}}
%%\tabcolsep=.7\tabcolsep
\begin{tabular}{l|rrrrrrrrrrrrrr} \hline
Clusters	        & 2	& 3	& 4	& 5	& 6	& 15   \\ \hline
Mean RAS	        & 0.75	& 0.92	& 0.97	& 0.98	& 0.99	& 0.83 \\
Mean SC	                & 0.50	& 0.74	& 0.86	& 0.91	& 0.93	& 0.76 \\
Mean Time/Iter ($s^{-4}$)& 4.08	& 4.20	& 4.29	& 4.31	& 4.35	& 4.51 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

[...] The time of single learning iteration of the network depends on the
number of neurons in that network [...]

\section{Concluding Remarks}

It is difficult to determine the threshold value at which the network
should switch from the dynamic into the static phase. The above
mentioned problems will be subject of further research.

\begin{thebibliography}{}

%% Conference proceedings etc:
\bibitem[Domingos and Hulten(2000)]{domingoshulten2000} 
  Domingos P, Hulten G (2000): Mining High-Speed Data Streams. In:
  Proceedings of the sixth ACM SIGKDD International Conference on
  Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Boston, pp~71--80.

%% Book 1 author
\bibitem[Fritzke(1994)]{fritzke1994} 
  Fritzke B (1994): Growing Cell
  Structures -- a~Self-Organizing Network for Unsupervised and
  Supervised Learning. Neural Networks 7:1441--1460.

%% Journal article
\bibitem[Jirayusakul and Auwatanamongkol(2007)]{jirayusakulauwatanamongkol2007} 
  Jirayusakul A, Auwatanamongkol S (2007): A Supervised Growing Neural Gas
  Algorithm for Cluster Analysis, International Journal of Hybrid
  Intelligent Systems 4(2):129--141.
%% Book 2 authors
\bibitem[Kaufman and Rousseeuw(1990)]{kaufmanrousseeuw1990} 
  Kaufman L, Rousseeuw PJ (1990) Finding Groups in Data: a~Introduction
  to Cluster Analysis. Wiley, New York.

%% Journal article more than 2 authors:
\bibitem[Kranen et~al.(2011)]{kranenassent2011} 
  Kranen P, Assent I, Baldauf C,  Seidl T (2011) The ClusTree: Indexing
  Micro-Clusters for Anytime Stream Mining. Knowledge and Information
  Systems 29(2):249--272.

%% Conf proceeding more than 3 authors:
\bibitem[Wang et~al.(2003)]{wangfan2003} 
  Wang H, Fan W, Yu PS, HAN J (2003) 
  Mining Concept-Drifting Data Streams Using Ensemble
  Classifiers. In Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGKDD International
  Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, NY, pp~226--235.

\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}

BibTeX is not used. Optional argument of \bibitem command should contains text which is used by natbib to format citations. This text should looks like: author-list(year).

Today I connected old Logitech Webcam C200 to my Raspberry Pi. I just wanted to capture single frames (at a specified time interval, say every 10 minutes) and upload resulting images to wunderground.com. I tried to use fswebcam for that purpose.

BTW a good description of available software for WebCams can be found here.

To install fswebcam one have to execute:

# apt-get install fswebcam

I run fswebcam with the following bash script (borrowed from Raspberry Pi -- Webcam streaming):

#!/bin/bash
OUTPUT_DIR=/var/www/cam/fswebcam-output

fswebcam -r 640x480 -S 11 --jpeg 95 \
        --title "Sopot/Abrahama Street (PL)" \
        --subtitle "View from my window" \
        --info "Hardware: Logitech_Webcam_C200@raspberryPi" \
        --save $OUTPUT_DIR/image.jpg -q

To display one's images at wunderground.com one have to register the camera with a simple form. The images can be uploaded to ftp account at wunderground.com or they can be retrieved from the public URL. As I have decided to upload them I have got ftp account credentials upon sucessfull registration (server and user name). The password is the same as for my wunderground.com WWW account.

I upload images withe following bash script borrowed from here:

REMOTE='webcam.wunderground.com'
USER='hrpunioCAM1'

PASSWORD='#####'
FTPLOG='/tmp/ftplog'
date >> $FTPLOG

ftp -n $REMOTE <<_FTP>>$FTPLOG
quote USER $USER
quote PASS $PASSWORD
bin
lcd /var/www/cam/fswebcam-output
put image.jpg
quit
_FTP

Images are produced and uploaded every few minutes---the scripts are executed with appropriate crontab entries.

A link to my webcam at wunderground.com is here.